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Thermodynamics 2
thermo-lab-1.docx
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Thermodynamics
Branch of science that studies changes in energy.
Temperature, Pressure, Volumeare driving forces for energy.
Types of Heat
(1) Latent Heat:
Related to phase change i.e. melting of ice. Boilers, Evaporator.
(2) Sensible Heat:
Heat can be sensed (No phase change) e.g. Heaters. Air conditioners.
Laws of Thermodynamics
First Law of thermodynamics:
Energy can neither be created now destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.
Also called law of conservation of energy.
ein-eout=constant
ein=eout
ΔU=Q+W
Q= Heat exchanged b/w system.
W=Work done.
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Second Law of thermodynamics:
Entropy of a system also increases never decreases.
Entropy:
Measure of disorder of energy of a system.
Zeroth Law of thermodynamics:
Kelvin Statement
No device can be worked with single reservoir. .e.g. car-engine.
Clauses Statement
Heat cannot be transferred from low to higher reservoir. E.g. refrigerator
Second Law of thermodynamics:
For a pure crystalline structure entropy is zero at absolute zero.
Microscopic Properties:
Study of each atom or molecule separately.
Macroscopic properties:
Study of each atom or molecule as whole average.
System:
Anything under consideration is system.
Surrounding:
Everything except system is surrounding.
Boundary:
The separation b/w system and surrounding is boundary.
Closed System:
A fixed amount of mass is chosen for study.
Open System:
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